Archive for April 2014

CLOUD COMPUTING


Cloud computing is a type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications.
In cloud computing, the word cloud (also phrased as "the cloud") is used as a metaphor for "the Internet," so the phrase cloud computing means "a type of Internet-based computing," where different services  such as servers, storage and applications are delivered to an organization's computers and devices through the Internet.
Cloud computing is comparable to grid computing, a type of computing where unused processing cycles of all computers in a network are harnesses to solve problems too intensive for any stand-alone machine.

The world of the cloud has lots of participants:
·         The end user who doesn’t have to know anything about the underlying technology.
·         Business management who needs to take responsibility for the governance of data or services living in a cloud. Cloud service providers must provide a predictable and guaranteed service level and security to all their constituents.

·         The cloud service provider who is responsible for IT assets and maintenance.



Advantages of cloud computing

1.  Worldwide Access. Cloud computing increases mobility, as you can access your documents from any device in any part of the world. For businesses, this means that employees can work from home or on business trips, without having to carry around documents. This increases productivity and allows faster exchange of information. Employees can also work on the same document without having to be in the same place.
2.      More Storage. In the past, memory was limited by the particular device in question. If you ran out of memory, you would need a USB drive to backup your current device. Cloud computing provides increased storage, so you won’t have to worry about running out of space on your hard drive.
3.      Easy Set-Up. You can set up a cloud computing service in a matter of minutes. Adjusting your individual settings, such as choosing a password or selecting which devices you want to connect to the network, is similarly simple. After that, you can immediately start using the resources, software, or information in question.
4.      Automatic Updates. The cloud computing provider is responsible for making sure that updates are available – you just have to download them. This saves you time, and furthermore, you don’t need to be an expert to update your device; the cloud computing provider will automatically notify you and provide you with instructions.
5.      Reduced Cost. Cloud computing is often inexpensive. The software is already installed online, so you won’t need to install it yourself. There are numerous cloud computing applications available for free, such as Dropbox, and increasing storage size and memory is affordable. If you need to pay for a cloud computing service, it is paid for incrementally on a monthly or yearly basis. By choosing a plan that has no contract, you can terminate your use of the services at any time; therefore, you only pay for the services when you need them


The working principle of cloud computing

The principle of cloud computing is almost same with another computer,  just the different of that is in cloud computing, is coupled with another present computer.  In regular computer, file from software when we used is stored in hardisk or another storage media. But on computer clouds if viewed from the side of the user, the files from software we use is in another computer.
In other words we are connected to multiple computers on a network server, but the data we store it was in the data center or in center, so that not only we can open the file that we save but computers or other users can open it and vice versa (Public). Also in a lot of infrastructure servers that we can use and we only pay as needed.

 Characteristics cloud computing

1. On-demand self-service. This means provisioning or de-provisioning computing resources as needed in an automated fashion without human intervention. An analogy to this is electricity as a utility where a consumer can turn on or off a switch on-demand to use as much electricity as required.
2. Ubiquitous network access. This means that computing facilities can be accessed from anywhere over the network using any sort of thin or thick clients (for example smartphones, tablets, laptops, personal computers and so on).
3. Resource pooling. This means that computing resources are pooled to meet the demand of the consumers so that resources (physical or virtual) can be dynamically assigned, reassigned or de-allocated as per the requirement. Generally the consumers are not aware of the exact location of computing resources. However, they may be able to specify location (country, city, region and the like) for their need. For example, I as a consumer might want to host my services with a cloud provider that has cloud data centers within the boundaries of Australia.
4. Rapid elasticity. Cloud computing provides an illusion of infinite computing resources to the users. In cloud models, resources can be elastically provisioned or released according to demand. For example, my cloud-based online services should be able to handle a sudden peak in traffic demand by expanding the resources elastically. When the peak subsides, unnecessary resources can be released automatically.
5. Measured service. This means that consumers only pay for the computing resources they have used. This concept is similar to utilities like water or electricity.

SECURITY

Security. When using a cloud computing service, you are essentially handing over your data to a third party. The fact that the entity, as well as users from all over the world, are accessing the same server can cause a security issue. Companies handling confidential information might be particularly concerned about using cloud computing, as data could possibly be harmed by viruses and other malware. That said, some servers like Google Cloud Connect come with customizable spam filtering, email encryption, and SSL enforcement for secure HTTPS access, among other security measures.

The biggest question most have with Cloud Computing is will it be Safe? The answer is “NO”  Reason why is everything that Cloud Computing is based on is mechanical, although it seems virtual. The Safety of the data (information), is only as Safe as the will and determination of the individual that wants to have at it.

THE CONCEPT OF CLOUD COMPUTING


The first building block is the infrastructure where the cloud will be implemented. Some people make the assumption that environment should be virtualized, but as cloud is a way to request resources in an on-demand way and if you have solutions to provide  on bare metal, then why not? The infrastructure will support the different types of cloud (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, BPaaS).
To be able to provide these services you will need Operating System Services (OSS), which will be in charge of deploying the requested service, and Business System Services (BSS), mainly used to validate the request and create the invoice for the requested services. Any metrics could be used to create the invoice (for example, number of users, number of CPUs, memory, usage hours/month). It is very flexible and depends on the service provider.
A cloud computing environment will also need to provide interfaces and tools for the service creators and users. This is the role of the Cloud Service Creator and Cloud Service Consumer components.
Now, let’s see how it works in reality.
Generally, you log in to a portal (enterprise or public wise) and you order your services through the Cloud Service Consumer. This service has been created by the cloud service provider and can be a simple virtual machine (VM) based on an image, some network components, an application service such as an WebApp environment and a service such as MongoDB. It depends on the provider and type of resources and services.
The cloud provider will validate, through the BSS, your request and if the validation is okay (credit card, contract), it will provision the request through the OSS.
You will receive, in one way or another, the credentials to access your requested services and you will usually receive a monthly invoice for your consumption.


Reference :


http://12285-if-unsika.blogspot.com/2012/10/prinsip-kerja-cloud-computing-atau.html





Senin, 28 April 2014
Posted by Save Our Nature

permasalahan sistem terdistribusi baru

    Banyak hal yang sering menjadi masalah pada pembangunan sebuah sistem terdisribusi, seperti masalah keamanan, aplikasi yang digunakan, kompleksitas dan lain lain 

    Sistem terdistribusi terdiri dari komputer otonom yang bekerja sama untuk memberikan tampilan sistem yang satu kesatuan.  keuntungan dari system ini ialah memberi kemudahan untuk mengintegrasikan aplikasi yang berbeda berjalan pada komputer yang berbeda ke dalam satu sistem. Keuntungan lain adalah ketika dirancang dengan baik,  skala sistem terdistribusi akan mengikuti dengan ukuran jaringan yang mendasarinya.  Namun system ini memiliki  kekurangan seperti  biaya perangkat lunak yang lebih kompleks, penurunan kinerja, dan keamanan juga sering lemah. Namun demikian, ada minat yang cukup besar di seluruh dunia dalam membangun dan memasang sistem terdistribusi.

      Sistem terdistribusi sering bertujuan menyembunyikan banyak seluk-beluk yang berkaitan dengan distribusi proses, data, dan kontrol. Namun, transparansi distribusi ini tidak hanya datang pada harga kinerja, tetapi dalam situasi praktis  tidak pernah dapat sepenuhnya tercapai. Fakta bahwa trade-off harus dibuat antara pencapaian berbagai bentuk transparansi distribusi melekat pada desain sistem terdistribusi, dan dapat dengan mudah menyulitkan pemahaman pemakai.


REFERENSI :

>> Tanenbaum, distributed systems principles and paradigms 2nd edition, 2006


Selasa, 01 April 2014
Posted by Save Our Nature

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